Scientific Papers

We have over 20 years of experience in carbonation. Our scientists & engineers have been at the forefront of pioneering R&D in the space, and some of the published Scientific Papers that the team have published over the years can be found below.

2021

Hills, C.D., Tripathi, N. and Carey, P.J. (2021). Managed pathways for CO2 mineralisation: analogy with nature and potential contribution to CCUS-led reduction targets. Faraday Discussions, [online] 230(0), pp.152–171.

‌2020

Hills, C.D., Tripathi, N. and Carey, P.J. (2020). Mineralization Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage. Frontiers in Energy Research, 8.

Hills, C.D., Tripathi, N., Singh, R.S., Carey, P.J. and Lowry, F. (2020). Valorisation of agricultural biomass-ash with CO2. Scientific Reports, 10(1).

Maries, A., Hills, C.D. and Carey, P. (2020). Low-Carbon CO2-Activated Self-Pulverizing Cement for Sustainable Concrete Construction. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 32(8), p.06020009.

‌‌Tripathi, N., Hills, C.D., Singh, R.S. and Singh, J.S. (2020). Offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions from biomass waste and mineralised carbon dioxide. Scientific Reports, 10(1).

2019

Choi, H., Lake, C.B. and Hills, C.D. (2020). Particle Size Effects on Breakage of ACT Aggregates under Physical and Environmental Loadings. Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste, 24(1), p.04019029.

‌ Maries, A., Hills, C. and Carey, P. (2019). Low-energy CO2-activated self-pulverising cement for sustainable concrete construction. Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies (SCMT).

Monrose, J., Tota-Maharaj, K., Mwasha, A. and Hills, C. (2019). Effect of carbon-negative aggregates on the strength properties of concrete for permeable pavements. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 21(14), pp.1823–1831.

‌Tripathi, N., Hills, C.D., Singh, R.S. and Atkinson, C.J. (2019). Biomass waste utilisation in low-carbon products: harnessing a major potential resource. npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2(1).‌

2015

Carey, P., Hills, C. and Gunning, P. (2015). The world’s first commercially available carbon negative aggregate and its uses. The Institute of Concrete Technology: 43rd Annual Convention.

‌2016

Araizi, P.K., Hills, C.D., Maries, A., Gunning, P.J. and Wray, D.S. (2016). Enhancement of accelerated carbonation of alkaline waste residues by ultrasound. Waste Management, 50, pp.121–129.

‌2013

Maries, A., Hills, C.D., Carey, P. and Ostle, S-J. (2013). Linked low carbon manufacture of cement and precast concrete. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 112(4), pp.202–206.

2011

‌Gunning, P.J., Hills, C.D., Antemir, A., & Carey, P.J. (2011). Novel approaches to the valorisation of ashes using aggregation by carbonation.

Gunning, P.J., Hills, C.D., Antemir, A. and Carey, P.J. (2011). Secondary aggregate from waste treated with carbon dioxide. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, 164(5), pp.231–239.

2010

Antemir, A., Hills, C.D., Carey, P.J., Gardner, K.H., Bates, E.R. and Crumbie, A.K. (2010). Long-term performance of aged waste forms treated by stabilization/solidification. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181(1-3), pp.65–73.

‌Antemir, A., Hills, C.D., Carey, P.J., Magnié, M-C. and Polettini, A. (2010). Investigation of 4-year-old stabilised/solidified and accelerated carbonated contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181(1-3), pp.543–555.

‌Carey, P., Hills, C. and Gunning, P. (2010). Secondary aggregate from waste treated with carbon dioxide. Construction Materials, 164(CM5), pp.231–239.

‌Gunning, P.J., Hills, C.D. and Carey, P.J. (2010). Accelerated carbonation treatment of industrial wastes. Waste Management, 30(6), pp.1081–1090.‌

2009

‌Chen, Q., Zhang, L., Ke, Y., Hills, C. and Kang, Y. (2009). Influence of carbonation on the acid neutralization capacity of cements and cement-solidified/stabilized electroplating sludge. Chemosphere, 74(6), pp.758–764.

Chen, Q.Y., Tyrer, M., Hills, C.D., Yang, X.M. and Carey, P. (2009). Immobilisation of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: A review. Waste Management, 29(1), pp.390–403.

‌Chen, Q., Luo, Z., Hills, C., Xue, G. and Tyrer, M. (2009). Precipitation of heavy metals from wastewater using simulated flue gas: Sequent additions of fly ash, lime and carbon dioxide. Water Research, 43(10), pp.2605–2614.

‌Gunning, P.J., Hills, C.D. and Carey, P.J. (2009). Production of lightweight aggregate from industrial waste and carbon dioxide. Waste Management, 29(10), pp.2722–2728.

2008

Antemir, A., Gunning, P., Hills, C.D. and Carey, P.J. (2008). Accelerated Carbonation for the treatment of landfilled cement kiln dust. Centre for Contaminated Land Remediation, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom.

Chen, Q., Ke, Y., Zhang, L., Tyrer, M., Hills, C.D. and Xue, G. (2008). Application of accelerated carbonation with a combination of Na2CO3 and CO2 in cement-based solidification/stabilization of heavy metal-bearing sediment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166(1), pp.421–427.

Chen, Q., Hills, C.D., Yuan, M., Liu, H. and Tyrer, M. (2008). Characterization of carbonated tricalcium silicate and its sorption capacity for heavy metals: A micron-scale composite adsorbent of active silicate gel and calcite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153(1-2), pp.775–783.

‌Liu, J., Xu, D., Xiong L., Hills, C., Carey, P. and Gardner, K. (2008). Comparison of properties of traditional and accelerated carbonated solidified/stabilized contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(5), pp.593–598.

2007

Chen, Q., Johnson, D.C., Zhu, L., Yuan, M. and Hills, C.D. (2007). Accelerated carbonation and leaching behavior of the slag from iron and steel making industry. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material, 14(4), pp.297–301.

Costa, G., Baciocchi, R., Polettini, A., Pomi, R., Hills, C.D. and Carey, P.J. (2007). Current status and perspectives of accelerated carbonation processes on municipal waste combustion residues. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 135(1-3), pp.55–75.

‌Li, X., Bertos, M.F., Hills, C.D., Carey, P.J. and Simon, S. (2007). Accelerated carbonation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ashes. Waste Management, 27(9), pp.1200–1206.

2006

Guha, B., Hills, C.D., Carey, P.J. and MacLeod, C.L. (2006). Leaching of Mercury from Carbonated and Non-Carbonated Cement-Solidified Dredged Sediments. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 15(6), pp.621–635.

Pellegrini, F., Hills, C.D., Carey, P.J., Gardner, K.H. and Maries, A. (2006). Sorption and desorption of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn from carbonated Portland cement. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 105(4), pp.185–190.

‌Shtepenko, O., Hills, C., Brough, A. and Thomas, M. (2006). The effect of carbon dioxide on β-dicalcium silicate and Portland cement. Chemical Engineering Journal, 118(1-2), pp.107–118.

2005

‌Barnard, L., Boardman, D., Rogers, C., Hills, C., Carey, P., Canning, K. and MacLeod, C. (2005). Influence of soil and binder properties on the efficacy of accelerated carbonation. Stabilisation/Solidification Treatment and Remediation, pp.285–295.

Scuzzarella, A., Fernandez Bertos, M., Simons, S., Carey, P. and Hills, C. (2005). Sequestration of carbon dioxide in artificial aggregates: Determining the potential for fluidised-bed processing. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 7, pp.2327–2330.

‌Shtepenko, O.L., Hills, C.D., Coleman, N.J. and Brough, A. (2004). Characterization and Preliminary Assessment of a Sorbent Produced by Accelerated Mineral Carbonation. Environmental Science & Technology, 39(1), pp.345–354.

2004

Fernández Bertos, M., Li, X., Simons, S.J.R., Hills, C.D. and Carey, P.J. (2004). Investigation of accelerated carbonation for the stabilisation of MSW incinerator ashes and the sequestration of CO2. Green Chem., 6(8), pp.428–436.

Fernandez Bertos, M., Simons, S., Hills, C. and Carey, P. (2004). A review of accelerated carbonation technology in the treatment of cement-based materials and sequestration of CO2. Journal of Hazardous Materials, [online] 112(3), pp.193–205.

‌Padfield, A.M., Carey, P.J., Hills, C.D. and Poole, A.B. (2004). Reuse of quarry fines in production of secondary aggregates. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability, 157(3), pp.149–154.

2003

Johnson, D.C., Macleod, C.L., Carey, P.J. and Hills, C.D. (2003). Solidification of stainless steel slag by accelerated carbonation. Environmental Technology, 24(6), pp.671–678.

1999

Hills, C.D., Sweeney, R.E.H. and Buenfeld, N.R. (1999). Microstructural study of carbonated cement-solidified synthetic heavy metal waste. Waste Management, 19(5), pp.325–331.

1997

Lange, L.C., Hills, C.D. and Poole, A.B. (1997). Effect of carbonation on properties of blended and non-blended cement solidified waste forms. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 52(2-3), pp.193–212.